今後さらに進んでいく国内人口減少や少子高齢化により、若年期から高齢期まで「長期間働く」ことが求められます。
様々な労働力を効率よく発揮するには「多様な働き方」が重要になってきます。
ＩＴ技術やグローバル化が進む複雑な現代においても、働き方に多様性を持たせることは、女性や高齢者の就業参加を促すだけでなく、個人の生き方の選択肢を増やし、持続可能な社会作りに必要不可欠なテーマとなっています。
多様な働き方にはどんな種類があるの？
「会社に通勤」は当たり前じゃない！？
テレワークとは「tele＝離れた場所で」「work＝働く」という意味の造語で、ＩＴＣ（情報通信技術）を活用して時間や場所にとらわれない柔軟な働き方のことを言います。
テレワークの主な種類としては、個人事業主として自宅で仕事を請負う「在宅ワーク」や、特定の企業や組織に属さず独立して仕事をする「フリーランス」、働く場所を特定せずに仕事をする「ノマド（＝遊牧民）ワーク」、そして企業に所属しながら主に自宅で働く「在宅勤務」があります。
企業でも始まっている 働き方改革
企業もこれまでの限られた働き方を見直し、社員の多様な働き方を後押しする制度を取り入れ始めています。
主な制度は、定められた労働時間の中で労働者自身が出勤・退社時間を決められる「フレックスタイム」、育児や介護などで通常の勤務時間より短い時間で働く「短時間勤務」、勤務地が一定の地域に限定できる「地域限定正社員」などがあります。
「ワークライフバランス」がキーワードに！
ワークライフバランスとは、仕事と生活の調和のことを言います。
現在、私達を取り巻く労働環境は、社会経済の影響から常に変化していますが、その変化にうまく適応しきれず仕事と生活が両立しにくい現実に直面しています。
やりがいや充実感を感じながら働く一方で、育児や介護との両立や多様な生き方を可能とする働き方が模索され始めています。
ワークライフバランスを実現することは個人の生き方のみならず、企業や社会の存続に大きく影響する命題となっています。
多様な働き方による「個人のメリット」とは？
ワークライフバランスの向上
家事や育児、介護などをしている人には、仕事を辞めることなく一定の収入を保ちながら生活できることや、これまでのキャリアを継続することができます。
また、趣味やボランティア、地域活動や家族との時間を大切にしながら働くことで、生涯を通じた人や地域と関わる機会を得られます。
ライフスタイルに合った働き方ができると仕事に対するモチベーションが上がり、やりがいや充実感を感じながら働くことができます。
仕事と生活の調和は心や体のゆとりを育み、人生の生きがいや喜びに繋がっていきます。
自分がしたい仕事を選べる
在宅ワークなどでのクラウドソーシング（インターネットを活用して不特定多数の人に業務委託をすること）では、自分の得意分野を活かしたり、能力に応じて仕事を選ぶこともできます。
自分の好きな仕事ができるので、得意分野のスキルアップや充実感をより感じることができます。
仕事に集中できる
自宅や自分の好きな場所などリラックスした環境で働くと、集中して仕事に取り組むことができます。
また短時間勤務などは働く時間が限られている分、効率良く働こうという意識が高まり仕事がはかどります。
まとめ
少し前まで当たり前だった働き方が、社会全体で変わろうとしています。
仕事と家事や育児、介護などの両立はもちろん、個人の労働に対する価値観も多様化する中で、働き方改革は今後ますます進んでいくと思います。
自分の働き方を選ぶ時、「何を大切にして働くか」ということをしっかり考えていく必要があると改めて感じました。
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